Systems

The internal building blocks of the CRuby interpreter. These are the architectural components that the rest of the codebase composes — none of them are deployable on their own, and together they make up "the Ruby implementation".

graph TD
    src[Source code] --> p1[parse.y parser]
    src --> p2[Prism parser]
    p1 --> ast1[NODE AST]
    p2 --> ast2[Prism AST]
    ast1 --> compile[Bytecode compiler]
    ast2 --> compile
    compile --> iseq[iseq]
    iseq --> vm[VM dispatch]
    vm <--> gc[Garbage collector]
    vm <--> threads[Threads + GVL]
    threads <--> ractor[Ractors]
    threads <--> fibers[Fibers / Coroutines]
    vm <--> io[IO subsystem]
    vm <--> regex[Onigmo regex]
    vm <--> enc[Encoding / M17N]
    vm <--> loader[Require / Loader]

Pages in this section

Page	What it covers
parser.md	The parse.y Bison/Lrama grammar and its NODE AST
prism.md	The Prism portable parser
compiler.md	compile.c — AST to bytecode
vm.md	The VM dispatch loop, frames, calls, inline caches
gc.md	The garbage collector and gc/ plugin interface
threading.md	Native threads, GVL, and the M:N scheduler
ractor.md	The actor-style parallel execution model
fiber.md	Cooperative coroutines and the Fiber Scheduler
encoding.md	M17N, encodings, and transcoding
regexp.md	The bundled Onigmo regex engine
io.md	The IO subsystem and IO::Buffer
loader.md	require, load, autoload, and $LOAD_PATH

For JIT compilation see jits/. For the core class implementations (String, Array, etc.) see core-classes/.