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Prometheus

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Prometheus

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Glossary

prometheus/prometheus

Glossary

Project-specific terms used across the codebase, with the place in the code where each is defined.

Term Meaning Defined in
Sample A (timestamp, value) pair attached to a series. Numeric value is float64. model/labels, tsdb/chunkenc
Series A unique set of label name/value pairs with a metric name; identified internally by a SeriesRef. storage/interface.go
Labels Sorted, immutable list of Label{Name,Value} pairs that identify a series. Three storage representations: slicelabels, stringlabels, dedupelabels, picked by build tag. model/labels/labels_*.go
SymbolTable String-interning structure used during scraping/parsing to deduplicate label values per scrape. model/labels/labels_dedupelabels.go
Appender Short-lived transactional handle returned by storage.Storage.Appender(ctx). Calls to Append/Commit/Rollback are batched per scrape or rule evaluation. storage/interface.go
AppenderV2 Newer appender shape that takes a single AppendEntry, supports always-on metadata, exemplars per sample, and start timestamps. Migration tracker: issue #17632. storage/interface_append.go
Head The in-memory portion of the TSDB that holds the current ~2 hour block, the WAL, and all active series. tsdb/head.go
Block An immutable, on-disk directory containing chunks, index, tombstones, and meta.json for a fixed time range (default 2 hours, growing during compaction). tsdb/block.go
WAL / WLog Write-ahead log. Sequence of 128 MB segments under wal/. Used to replay state on startup and as the durable buffer in agent mode. tsdb/wlog/wlog.go
Checkpoint Compacted WAL prefix produced when WAL segments are truncated. Lives at wal/checkpoint.NNNNNNN/. tsdb/wlog/checkpoint.go
Out-of-order (OOO) Samples whose timestamp is older than the head's max time. Stored separately when out_of_order_time_window is non-zero. tsdb/ooo_head.go
Native histogram Sparse, exponential-bucket histogram with integer or float bucket counts, stored as a single sample per data point. model/histogram/
NHCB Native Histograms with Custom Buckets. Translation layer maps classical histograms onto the native histogram representation. model/histogram/, util/convertnhcb
Exemplar A (labels, value, timestamp) reference attached to a sample, typically pointing to a trace ID. Optional; backed by a fixed-size circular buffer. tsdb/exemplar.go
ST / Start timestamp The point in time a counter started accumulating. Previously called "Created Timestamp" (CT); renamed for consistency. model/textparse, tsdb/head_append_v2.go
Target A scrape endpoint with a discovered or static set of labels. scrape/target.go
TargetGroup A list of targets sharing common labels emitted by a Discoverer. discovery/targetgroup/
Scrape pool All scrape loops belonging to a single scrape_config. One per job. scrape/scrape.go
Scrape loop Per-target goroutine that runs on scrape_interval ticks, fetches /metrics, parses, and appends. scrape/scrape.go
Relabeling Rewriting of label sets via relabel_configs and metric_relabel_configs. Implemented in model/relabel. model/relabel/relabel.go
Federation The /federate endpoint that exposes selected series to another Prometheus. web/federate.go
Recording rule A precomputed PromQL expression whose result is written back as a new series. rules/recording.go
Alerting rule A PromQL expression whose nonzero result produces alerts. rules/alerting.go
Group An ordered set of rules that share an evaluation interval and run sequentially. rules/group.go
Notifier Subsystem that batches firing alerts and dispatches them to one or more Alertmanager URLs. notifier/manager.go
Remote write Outbound protocol that ships samples to a remote storage backend over HTTP. v1 and v2 protobuf message types. storage/remote/queue_manager.go
Remote read Inbound protocol that lets a Prometheus query historical data from a remote backend as if it were local. storage/remote/read.go
OTLP OpenTelemetry Protocol. Prometheus accepts metrics via /api/v1/otlp/v1/metrics and translates them. storage/remote/otlptranslator/
Agent mode A running mode (--agent) that disables local TSDB and query engine; ships everything via remote write. tsdb/agent/db.go
Feature flag A --enable-feature=<name> toggle for experimental or breaking-change behaviours. Registered in util/features. util/features/features.go, docs/feature_flags.md
ULID The block ID format used by the TSDB; provides time-ordered, lexicographically sortable directory names. tsdb/block.go
Postings Bit-packed lists of series IDs keyed by label name/value, stored in the block index. Drives label-value query plans. tsdb/index/postings.go
Mmap chunk Old head chunks that have been written to disk in chunks_head/ and accessed via mmap instead of being held in memory. tsdb/chunks/
promu The Prometheus-team build helper used by the Makefile to produce reproducible binaries (lives at github.com/prometheus/promu). .promu.yml, Makefile.common
promtool Sibling CLI for config validation, querying, debugging, and unit-testing rules. cmd/promtool/
prombench The performance benchmarking workflow that runs comparative loads in a Kubernetes cluster against PRs labeled prombench. .github/workflows/prombench.yml
Mantine UI / 3.x UI The current React UI under web/ui/mantine-ui/. Replaced the older 2.x UI (still available with --enable-feature=old-ui). web/ui/mantine-ui/

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